The sport became professionalised as footmen were hired specifically on their athletic ability and began to devote their lives to training for the gambling events. [32], One's aerobic capacity or VO2Max is the ability to maximally take up and consume oxygen during exhaustive exercise. The World Marathon Majors series includes the six most prestigious marathon competitions at the elite level – the Berlin, Boston, Chicago, London, Tokyo, and New York City marathons. [31] The persistence hunt is still practised by hunter-gatherers in the central Kalahari Desert in Southern Africa, and David Attenborough's documentary The Life of Mammals (program 10, "Food For Thought") showed a bushman hunting a kudu antelope until it collapsed. As of 2016[update] the physiological basis for this was uncertain, but it seemed to depend on the cumulative years of running, and reaches a cap that longer individual training sessions cannot overcome. The long-distance events considered here are those ranging from 3,000 metres upward; they include the marathon, steeplechase, cross-country, and road runs. While distance running … Several agree that long-distance running helped them cope with the pandemic. [34] A 20 fold increase of local blood flow within skeletal muscle is necessary for endurance athletes, like marathon runners, to meet their muscles' oxygen demands at maximal exercise that are up to 50 times greater than at rest. In running, from the Pose Method point of view, there is only one … Professional running is most commonly found in the field of sports, although in pre-industrial times foot messengers would run to deliver information to distant locations. The Tokyo Marathon was most recently added to the World Marathon Majors in 2012. With low levels of glycogen stores at the onset of the marathon, premature depletion of these stores can reduce performance or even prevent completion of the race. Long-distance running, in athletics (track and field), footraces ranging from 3,000 metres through 10,000, 20,000, and 30,000 metres and up to the marathon, which is 42,195 metres (26 miles 385 yards). Lovejoy, C. O. Long-distance running can also be used as a means to improve cardiovascular health. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. [22] Ancient Greece was famous for its running messengers, who were named hemerodromoi, meaning “day runners”. [53] The related sport of duathlon is a combination of cycling and distance running. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). It includes cross-country races over similar distances. [33]:51, Long-distance runners generally practice carbohydrate loading in their training and race preparation. Sometimes the best running breed is the mixed dog with unknown origins. The bread and butter of a distance runner’s regimen is the long run. The 1970s running boom in the United States made road running a common pastime and also increased its popularity at the elite level. … In contrast to the relatively flat courses in track and road races, cross country usually incorporates obstacles such as muddy sections, logs and mounds of earth. [33]:69ff Environmental factors can especially complicate heat regulation. Running 26.2 miles (or more) has an impact on all runners, from novice to elite. Strength Training for Runners. Fell running, trail running and mountain running can all be considered variations on traditional cross country which incorporate significant uphill and/or downhill sections as an additional challenge to the course. [29] Persistence hunting is a method in which hunters use a combination of running, walking,[30] and tracking to pursue prey to the point of exhaustion. [38], In order to sustain high intensity running, a marathon runner must obtain sufficient glycogen stores. There is some difference of opinion over the dividing line between middle-distance and long-distance runs. [50] Other less popular variants such as fell running, trail running, mountain running and tower running combine the challenge of distance with a significant incline or change of elevation as part of the course. The women’s 3,000-metre race and marathon were introduced to the Olympic Games in 1984. Better yet, long distance running … But so has the number of … Running provides an efficient full-body workout, burns a ton of calories, tones the body, provides a great venue for socializing, and improves emotional well-being. There is some difference of opinion over the dividing line between middle-distance and long-distance runs. In order to reduce bodily heat, the metabolically produced heat needs to be removed from the body via sweating, which in turn requires re-hydration to compensate for. Uncertainty exists in regards to how lactate threshold affects endurance performance. 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